What is high-level paraplegia?

High paraplegia refers to transverse spinal cord lesions occurring at a higher level of the spinal cord, specifically transverse lesions above the second thoracic vertebra. This condition leads to paralysis of all four limbs and generally carries a poor prognosis. Main symptoms include motor dysfunction, resulting in loss of sensation and movement below the head; urinary and fecal incontinence, characterized by inability to control bladder and bowel functions; in addition, autonomic nervous system disturbances may occur, such as palpitations, chest tightness, stomach pain, vomiting, and muscle atrophy. Causes of high paraplegia are diverse, including traumatic factors (such as spinal trauma, fractures, and spinal cord injury), spinal cord diseases (such as compressive or degenerative spinal cord conditions), and congenital disorders.