How to treat urethral stones

The treatment options for urethral calculi vary depending on the size, location of the stone, and the patient's overall condition. For stones less than 0.5 cm in diameter, stone expulsion therapy may be chosen, including diuretics, antispasmodics, herbal medicines, increased fluid intake, and moderate physical activity to facilitate stone passage. For stones smaller than 2 cm, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is an effective option, using high-frequency compression waves to fragment the stone into smaller particles that can then be passed naturally. When the stone is larger, especially greater than 3 cm, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or ureteroscopic lithotripsy is more appropriate, using laser or pneumatic energy to break up and remove the stone. Additionally, medical treatments such as stone-dissolving therapy and surgical procedures like urethrotomy for stone removal are also effective methods for managing urethral calculi.