What are the diseases of the testicles?

There are various types of testicular diseases, mainly including: testicular inflammation, such as acute epididymitis and chronic epididymitis, which are mostly caused by bacterial infections. Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment; otherwise, it may lead to testicular necrosis. Testicular cysts and hydroceles can cause a sensation of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum. Testicular tumors may present no obvious symptoms in the early stages, but later may manifest as painless enlargement and hardening of the testicle. In addition, there are some less common testicular conditions, such as cryptorchidism (undescended testis) and testicular trauma. All of these diseases can significantly affect male reproductive health. Therefore, if any related symptoms occur, prompt medical evaluation and treatment are essential to ensure normal testicular function and overall health.