What causes bad breath in a three-year-old child?

Bad breath in a three-year-old child may be caused by various factors. 1. Poor oral hygiene is a common cause; if the child does not brush teeth regularly or thoroughly, food residues can accumulate and promote bacterial growth in the mouth, leading to bad breath. 2. Oral diseases such as gingivitis or tonsillitis may also contribute to bad breath, as these conditions increase bacterial levels in the mouth and produce unpleasant odors. 3. Indigestion could be another contributing factor—when food is not properly digested, it may ferment in the gastrointestinal tract, generating odors that are released through the breath. To help alleviate bad breath in children, parents should encourage good oral hygiene habits, schedule regular dental check-ups, and pay attention to dietary balance, avoiding excessive intake of greasy or hard-to-digest foods.