What causes acute orchitis?
Disease description:
Two days ago, I suddenly felt swelling and pain in my testicle, along with redness and swelling of the scrotum. After prompt medical examination at a hospital, I was diagnosed with acute orchitis. I would like to know what causes acute orchitis?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Luo Yong
The main causes of acute orchitis include:
1. Adjacent infection: Most cases of acute orchitis are caused by inflammation of the adjacent epididymis. Bacteria may invade the testis via the lymphatic system or through retrograde transmission along the vas deferens.
2. Hematogenous infection: Viruses such as mumps virus can reach the testis via the bloodstream. This is particularly common in children and adolescents who develop orchitis following viral mumps.
3. Testicular trauma: If testicular injury is not promptly treated, it may lead to hematoma formation and subsequent secondary infection.
4. Iatrogenic infection: Procedures such as urethral instrumentation or indwelling catheterization may result in iatrogenic infection.
5. Decreased immunity: When male immune function is compromised—such as in individuals with urethritis, prostatitis, or seminal vesiculitis—bacteria can more easily invade the testis.
