What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

The causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children involve multiple aspects, primarily including the following: 1. Genetic factors: ADHD is closely related to genetic factors, and children with a family history have an increased risk of developing the disorder. 2. Biochemical factors: ADHD may be associated with metabolic disturbances and functional impairments of central nervous system neurotransmitters, such as reduced turnover rates of dopamine and norepinephrine. 3. Neurophysiological factors: Children with ADHD show a high rate of abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), indicating delayed maturation of the central nervous system or insufficient cortical arousal. 4. Psychosocial factors: Adverse family and social environments, such as parental conflict and inappropriate parenting methods, may increase the risk of developing ADHD.