Differences between roseola infantum and heat rash

The differences between exanthem subitum (roseola) and heat rash (miliaria) mainly lie in their causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches: 1. **Cause**: Exanthem subitum is primarily caused by viral infections such as human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7); whereas heat rash results from blocked sweat ducts and subsequent leakage of sweat into surrounding tissues, commonly occurring in hot and humid environments where sweat does not easily evaporate. 2. **Symptoms**: Exanthem subitum typically presents with a sudden high fever lasting 3–5 days, followed by a rapid drop in temperature and the appearance of red maculopapular rashes, mainly distributed on the neck and trunk. Heat rash presents as small papules, papulovesicles, or tiny blisters, commonly occurring in areas such as the armpits and neck, accompanied by itching. 3. **Treatment**: The treatment for exanthem subitum mainly involves symptomatic management, such as administering antipyretics for high fever. For heat rash, it is important to keep the indoor environment cool, wear loose and breathable clothing, and apply anti-itch ointments to relieve symptoms.