What are the common diseases of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues?

Common periodontal diseases in the oral cavity are mainly divided into two categories: gingival diseases and periodontitis. Gingival diseases specifically include chronic gingivitis, gingivitis during puberty, pregnancy-associated gingivitis, drug-induced gingival hyperplasia, gingival fibromatosis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, acute gingival papillitis, and acute multiple gingival abscesses. Periodontitis includes chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and may also occur in association with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or HIV infection. These conditions commonly cause symptoms including gingival bleeding, redness, swelling, and pain. In severe cases, they can even lead to tooth mobility and tooth loss. To prevent and treat these diseases, it is recommended to maintain good oral hygiene habits, undergo regular dental checkups, and receive targeted treatment under the guidance of a dentist.