What are the causes of lower abdominal pain in women?

There are several possible reasons for women experiencing lower abdominal pain along with a missed menstrual period, primarily including: 1. Physiological factors: Pain may occur prior to menstruation or during ovulation due to hormonal changes or the ovulation process itself, which can cause mild abdominal discomfort. 2. Gynecological diseases: Conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and adnexitis may lead to pelvic congestion and pain, often accompanied by abnormal vaginal discharge. 3. Urinary system diseases: Examples include urethritis, cystitis, and urinary tract stones. These often present with symptoms like painful urination, frequent urination, or urgency, and may sometimes cause lower abdominal pain. 4. Digestive system diseases: Conditions such as colitis, appendicitis, and sigmoid volvulus may result in abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation. 5. Other factors: Lower abdominal pain could also be caused by exposure to cold temperatures in the abdominal area or ovarian cyst torsion resulting from intense physical activity. If the pain persists or is accompanied by other severe symptoms, it is recommended to seek timely medical attention for thorough examination and treatment.