What is roseola infantum?

Roseola infantum, also known as exanthema subitum or sixth disease, is a common viral illness in infants and young children, primarily caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). This condition typically occurs in children under 1 year of age, especially most common among babies between 6 months and 1 year old. Roseola is characterized by a sudden high fever, which may reach 39°C or higher, lasting for 2 to 5 days. During this time, the child may appear irritable and have a reduced appetite, although generally remain in good spirits. Once the fever subsides, a rash appears. The rash usually starts on the face and then spreads to the trunk and limbs, presenting as light red macules or papules. The rash is neither painful nor itchy and typically resolves spontaneously within 1 to 2 days without leaving any marks. This illness generally does not require specific treatment. It is recommended to maintain a comfortable indoor environment, ensure adequate hydration to prevent dehydration, and employ physical cooling methods to relieve fever. As the disease is contagious, children should avoid contact with other children during the febrile period to reduce the risk of transmission. Most children with roseola recover completely and rarely experience a second episode in their lifetime. If symptoms persist or worsen, prompt medical consultation is advised.