What causes breast distension and pain?

Breast pain can be caused by various factors, mainly including physiological and pathological factors. 1. Physiological breast pain is commonly seen during growth and development stages, before menstruation, during pregnancy, and lactation. It is usually associated with hormonal changes, such as increased estrogen levels stimulating breast tissue proliferation, and is considered a normal phenomenon. 2. Pathological breast pain may be caused by conditions such as mammary gland hyperplasia, mastitis, or breast cancer. These diseases can lead to abnormal proliferation of breast tissue, inflammation, or tumor compression, thereby causing breast pain. In addition, breast pain may also be related to emotional stress, malnutrition, and other factors. If breast pain persists without relief or is accompanied by other symptoms, it is recommended to seek timely medical examination to determine the underlying cause and receive targeted treatment.