Why does the face appear yellowish, dull, and develop melasma?

The causes of yellowish and dull complexion with melasma are diverse, mainly including: 1. Endocrine factors: Increased estrogen and progesterone can promote melanin synthesis, especially during pregnancy and while taking oral contraceptives, women are more prone to develop melasma and experience darkening of skin tone. 2. Ultraviolet radiation: Prolonged sun exposure or UV radiation can activate melanocytes, leading to pigment deposition in the skin, causing a yellowish complexion and worsening of melasma. 3. Genetic factors: Individuals with a family history are more likely to develop melasma, which may be resistant to treatment and persist for longer durations. 4. Chronic diseases: Conditions such as liver disease and gastrointestinal disorders may affect pigment metabolism, contributing to the formation of melasma and a dull complexion. 5. Medication factors: Long-term use of certain medications, such as hormonal drugs, may also trigger melasma. 6. Unhealthy lifestyle habits: Factors such as staying up late, an unbalanced diet, and lack of physical activity can all affect skin metabolism, leading to a yellowish and dull complexion.