What is rectal prolapse?

Rectal prolapse, also known as procidentia, refers to the condition where part or all of the rectum slides out of the anus. This condition is usually caused by weakened or damaged tissues and muscles that support the rectum. Common causes include chronic constipation, long-term coughing, heavy lifting, aging, and pelvic floor muscle relaxation, particularly in women, where childbirth may also increase the risk of rectal prolapse. In the early stages, rectal prolapse may occur only during bowel movements, but it can progress to persist continuously, accompanied by anal discomfort, difficulty in defecation, a sensation of foreign body in the anus, and sometimes even bleeding. If not treated promptly, symptoms may worsen, and surgery might be required in severe cases. In terms of daily care, patients can try improving dietary habits and increasing dietary fiber intake to prevent constipation, as well as avoiding excessive straining during bowel movements. Strengthening pelvic floor muscle exercises, such as Kegel exercises, can also help reinforce the supporting structures. Once rectal prolapse occurs, it is advisable to seek medical attention as early as possible.