What does it mean if the urine test shows a high white blood cell count?

An elevated white blood cell count in a urine test, commonly referred to as hematuria or pyuria, may indicate that the body is responding to an infection, inflammation, or irritation within the urinary tract. White blood cells, especially neutrophils, accumulate at sites of infection to fight pathogens. Below are some possible causes: 1. Urinary tract infection (UTI): This is the most common cause, including cystitis and pyelonephritis; bacterial infection can stimulate white blood cells in the urinary tract. 2. Nephritis or kidney disease: Inflammation of the kidneys may lead to increased white blood cells, sometimes accompanied by proteinuria and other symptoms. 3. Stones: Urinary tract stones can cause irritation of the urinary tract, prompting white blood cells to appear in the urine. 4. Structural abnormalities of the urinary system: Such as tumors, polyps, or other abnormalities that may cause an inflammatory response. 5. Excessive exercise: Intense physical activity may cause a temporary increase in white blood cells in urine. 6. Medication effects: Certain medications may affect urine test results, leading to false positives. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly.