What causes balanitis?

Balanitis refers to inflammation occurring on the head of the male penis, commonly presenting as redness, swelling, itching, pain, or discharge. This condition may be caused by various factors: 1. **Fungal infection**: The most common cause is candidal balanitis caused by Candida, particularly prevalent in individuals with phimosis (tight foreskin). 2. **Bacterial infection**: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) resulting from unprotected sexual contact, such as gonorrhea or non-gonococcal urethritis, can also lead to balanitis. 3. **Allergic reaction**: Inflammatory reactions may also be triggered by allergies to soap, condoms, certain cleaning products, or other substances. 4. **Physical irritation or trauma**: Tight foreskin, friction, or excessive cleaning may damage the skin and lead to inflammation. 5. **Accumulation of smegma**: Prolonged buildup of debris (smegma) under the foreskin can irritate the glans skin and cause inflammation. Note: If symptoms occur, prompt medical attention is advised.