How to deal with closed comedones (whiteheads)

For closed comedones (whiteheads), the following comprehensive measures can be taken: 1. **Daily Cleansing**: Use lukewarm water and a gentle facial cleanser to keep the face clean, reduce the buildup of oil and dirt, and prevent pore blockage. 2. **Medication**: Under a doctor's guidance, topical medications such as tretinoin cream or adapalene gel may be used. These medications help soften keratin, promoting the discharge of oil and debris within the hair follicles. For severe cases, oral isotretinoin may be considered. 3. **Chemical Treatment**: Chemical peels with high-concentration alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are effective. They promote exfoliation of the outer skin layer, improve enlarged pores, and help remove closed comedones. 4. **Physical Treatments**: Procedures such as laser therapy and photodynamic therapy can effectively inhibit sebaceous gland secretion, kill Propionibacterium acnes, and promote skin cell regeneration, thereby eliminating comedones. 5. **Lifestyle Adjustments**: Maintain a regular sleep schedule and avoid staying up late. In terms of diet, reduce consumption of spicy, greasy, and high-sugar foods, and increase intake of fresh vegetables and fruits. Engage in appropriate physical exercise to enhance immune function.