Postoperative complications of hemorrhoid surgery

Postoperative complications of hemorrhoid surgery may include various conditions, among which the more common ones are bleeding, pain, edema, infection, anal stenosis, and recurrence. Bleeding can be classified as primary or secondary; the former usually occurs within 24 hours after surgery, while the latter may appear 7-15 days postoperatively due to various factors. Pain is a common postsurgical symptom, especially severe during defecation, and may persist for weeks or even months. Edema results from perianal varicose veins caused by surgical stimulation. Additionally, improper postoperative care or surgical technique may lead to infection, manifested as local redness, swelling, pain, and even suppuration or necrosis. Anal stenosis is another possible complication; particularly for patients with circumferential mixed hemorrhoids, postoperative scar contracture may cause anal narrowing, affecting bowel movements. To prevent or alleviate these complications, patients should maintain a proper diet, ensure smooth bowel movements, avoid strenuous activities, and attend regular follow-up visits as instructed by their physician. If any discomfort or symptoms arise, timely medical attention should be sought.