What are the differences between tinea versicolor and vitiligo?

Pityriasis versicolor (also known as tinea versicolor) differs from vitiligo (also called leukoderma) mainly in the following aspects: 1. **Etiology**: Pityriasis versicolor is primarily caused by infection of the epidermal stratum corneum by Malassezia fungi and is a fungal skin disease; vitiligo results from destruction, loss, reduction, or dysfunction of melanocytes, leading to skin pigmentation loss and is classified as an autoimmune disease. 2. **Affected Areas**: Pityriasis versicolor commonly occurs in areas with well-developed sebaceous glands, such as the neck, upper chest, and back; vitiligo has no specific predilection sites and can appear on any part of the body, including areas such as the eyes and ears where pigment cells may also be involved. 3. **Clinical Presentation**: The skin lesions of pityriasis versicolor appear as light brown or pale patches with fine, scaly, dandruff-like scales on the surface and unclear borders; vitiligo presents as white patches on the skin, varying in size and shape, with clearly defined borders and a smooth, non-scaly surface. 4. **Treatment**: Pityriasis versicolor is mainly treated with antifungal medications such as ketoconazole and fluconazole; treatment for vitiligo is more complex and requires comprehensive management based on the individual patient's condition, including medication, phototherapy, and surgical treatments.