What are the common complications of nephrotic syndrome?

The common complications of nephrotic syndrome mainly include the following: 1. Infection: This is the most common complication of nephrotic syndrome. Due to massive proteinuria leading to hypoalbuminemia and consequently decreased immunity, combined with possible immunosuppressive effects of hormone therapy, patients are more susceptible to infections such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. 2. Thrombosis and embolism: Increased blood viscosity in patients can lead to thrombus formation, commonly occurring in sites such as the renal vein and lower limb veins. Severe cases may result in life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism. 3. Acute kidney injury: Patients may develop acute kidney injury due to factors such as reduced effective circulating blood volume and hypoalbuminemia, presenting with elevated serum creatinine levels, oliguria, or anuria. 4. Lipid metabolism disorders: Patients with nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia, which increases blood viscosity, potentially promoting thromboembolic complications. It may also affect drug efficacy and accelerate the chronic progression of kidney disease.