What causes stomach bloating in pregnant women?

Gastric distension during pregnancy is mainly caused by hormonal changes and physiological alterations. During pregnancy, the level of progesterone in the body rises, especially progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum, which slows gastrointestinal motility, leading to prolonged retention of food in the intestines and increased gas production, resulting in bloating. Additionally, as the uterus gradually enlarges, it exerts pressure on the stomach and intestines, further affecting digestive function and exacerbating the sensation of bloating. Pregnant women may also experience increased bloating due to changes in dietary habits, such as consuming more fiber-rich foods or excessive gas-producing foods (e.g., legumes, carbonated beverages). Furthermore, some pregnant women may engage in less physical activity, which can also lead to reduced gastrointestinal motility and subsequent bloating. If bloating is accompanied by severe abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, or other abnormal symptoms, medical consultation should be sought promptly.