Differences between flaccid paralysis and spastic paralysis

Flaccid paralysis and spastic paralysis mainly differ in terms of the changes in muscle tone accompanying the paralysis.

Flaccid paralysis, also known as flaccid paresis, is characterized by decreased muscle strength along with reduced muscle tone. It primarily results from damage to lower motor neurons, such as diseases of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord or peripheral neuropathy, leading to muscle relaxation and weakness, with gradually diminished or absent reflexes. Patients with flaccid paralysis may develop muscle atrophy, and the affected limbs can be easily moved. Treatment options include medication and rehabilitation therapy to promote recovery of nerve function.

Spastic paralysis, also known as spastic paresis, is the opposite of flaccid paralysis. It is characterized by decreased muscle strength but increased muscle tone. Spastic paralysis is mainly associated with damage to the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves, which leads to impaired muscle control, resulting in muscle stiffness, restricted movement, hyperactive reflexes, and even pathological reflexes. In patients with spastic paralysis, the affected limbs are difficult to move, and treatment may include administration of neurotrophic drugs.

Flaccid and spastic paralysis have distinct etiologies, injury characteristics, and treatment approaches, indicating the specific location and nature of the injury.