What causes uterine pain?

Uterine pain, commonly known as pelvic pain, is a frequent symptom in gynecology, and its causes include the following:

1. Physiological uterine pain, generally related to the menstrual cycle. For example, dysmenorrhea during menstruation occurs due to certain substances released during endometrial shedding that stimulate uterine muscle contractions. The pain typically subsides after menstruation ends.

2. Pathological uterine pain—for instance, acute uterine pain may be caused by uterine perforation, torsion of a subserous uterine fibroid pedicle, or acute suppurative endometritis. Cyclical uterine pain is commonly associated with primary dysmenorrhea and adenomyosis. Chronic uterine pain is often linked to chronic endometritis, chronic myometritis, and similar conditions.

3. Medication factors: long-term use of estrogen or progestin-containing preparations, medications, or supplements may increase the risk of uterine pain.

4. Unhealthy lifestyle choices: unhygienic sexual practices, multiple sexual partners, and frequent intercourse can easily lead to endometritis and cervicitis, resulting in pain. Unhealthy habits such as smoking, drug use, or excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy may also contribute to such conditions.

5. Other factors: follicular rupture, congenital abnormalities such as imperforate hymen or vaginal septum may also cause uterine pain.

In treating uterine pain, physiological dysmenorrhea can be relieved through heat application, over-the-counter analgesics, or hormone therapy. For pathological pain, treatment must target the underlying cause and may involve medication, surgery, or other interventional therapies.

It is recommended to seek timely medical attention for uterine pain.