What does it mean if the skeletal muscle mass index is low?

Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) below the normal range refers to the percentage of skeletal muscle in the total body muscle being lower than the standard value. This often indicates an insufficient number of skeletal muscle fibers, poor nutrition, or reduced muscle strength.

Skeletal muscle is a vital component of the human body; it not only supports daily activities but also participates in energy metabolism and maintains basal metabolic rate, significantly influencing overall health. A low skeletal muscle mass index may lead to the following effects:

1. Reduced physical strength: Low muscle mass may result in decreased capacity for physical activity and increased fatigue.

2. Decreased metabolic rate: Muscle is one of the main organs responsible for energy consumption; reduced muscle mass can lower the basal metabolic rate, potentially increasing the risk of obesity.

3. Reduced bone density: Muscles protect the bones, and a decrease in muscle mass may indirectly lead to a decline in bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.

Methods to improve low skeletal muscle mass include increasing protein intake, engaging in appropriate aerobic exercise and strength training, and maintaining sufficient sleep and a balanced diet.