What is the definition of cerebral palsy?

Cerebral palsy (CP), formerly known as cerebral paralysis, is a group of persistent central motor and postural developmental disorders characterized by limited activity. This condition is primarily caused by non-progressive injuries to the developing fetal or infant brain. It is often accompanied by sensory, perceptual, cognitive, communication, and behavioral impairments, as well as possible epilepsy and secondary musculoskeletal problems. Cerebral palsy is non-progressive, meaning the brain injury does not worsen after it occurs. However, due to the lack of normal motor development, a child's symptoms may become increasingly apparent as they grow older.

The definition of cerebral palsy emphasizes the diversity of its causes, including various prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors such as maternal infections during pregnancy, preterm birth, asphyxia, and hypoxia. Additionally, the classification of CP is complex, including subtypes such as spastic quadriplegia, spastic diplegia, and spastic hemiplegia. Each type differs in clinical presentation and treatment approaches.

Prevention of cerebral palsy centers on prenatal care, obstetric safety management, neonatal intensive care, and early monitoring of high-risk newborns.