What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancy, also known as extrauterine pregnancy, refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg outside the endometrium. Under normal circumstances, the fertilized egg travels through the fallopian tube toward the endometrium for implantation. However, conditions such as inflammation, infection, congenital abnormalities, previous surgeries, or other factors may cause narrowing or blockage of the fallopian tube. Additionally, contraceptive failure or the use of assisted reproductive technologies can also lead to ectopic implantation in areas such as the fallopian tube, ovary, abdominal cavity, or cervix. Approximately 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes.

The symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are usually obvious, including lower abdominal pain and irregular vaginal bleeding following a missed period. Once rupture occurs, the situation becomes critical, with acute and severe abdominal pain that may recur, accompanied by vaginal bleeding. In severe cases, shock may develop, posing a serious threat to life. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is based on a combination of clinical manifestations, serum β-HCG level testing, and ultrasound examination.

Treatment of ectopic pregnancy depends on the severity of the condition. For less severe cases, medical management with medication may be used conservatively. However, for more severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary. The goals of treatment are to promptly terminate the ectopic pregnancy, protect the patient's life, and preserve fertility as much as possible.

Prevention of ectopic pregnancy primarily involves actively treating and preventing pelvic inflammatory disease and avoiding unnecessary tubal surgeries. Women at high risk should undergo early pregnancy monitoring.