Clinical Manifestations and Management Principles of Hypocalcemia
Recently during a medical checkup, my doctor told me that I have signs of hypocalcemia. I would like to ask the doctor about the clinical manifestations and management principles of hypocalcemia.
Doctor's answer (1)
The clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia are diverse, mainly including muscle spasms, tetany of hands and feet, and sensory abnormalities such as numbness in the hands and feet. These symptoms become particularly evident when serum calcium levels fall below 2.2 mmol/L. In severe cases, hypocalcemia may also lead to spasms of the larynx, wrists and feet, bronchospasm, seizures, and even apnea. Long-term hypocalcemia may result in osteoporosis, cataracts, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. The management principles mainly include the following points:
1. Etiological treatment: If hypocalcemia is caused by calcium deficiency, oral calcium supplements such as calcium gluconate or calcium carbonate may be used.
2. Dietary adjustment: Increase dietary intake of calcium by consuming more calcium-rich foods such as milk and eggs.
3. Calcium supplementation: In cases of acute hypocalcemia, intravenous administration of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride should be given immediately to rapidly raise serum calcium levels. Chronic hypocalcemia can be managed with oral calcium supplements to maintain stable calcium levels.
4. Prevention of complications: For patients at risk of osteoporosis, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent fractures; for patients with cardiac involvement, close monitoring of electrocardiographic changes is necessary.
