Will a cold in a pregnant woman affect the fetus?

Colds in pregnant women may have certain effects on the fetus.

Common colds are mainly caused by viruses and symptoms include coughing, sneezing, and sore throat. Generally, these do not cross the placenta to affect the fetus. However, a high fever—defined as a body temperature exceeding 38°C—may increase the risk of premature birth or birth defects, especially during early pregnancy. Additionally, severe infectious diseases such as influenza may affect the fetus. Cold viruses may act directly on the fetus through the placenta, interfering with its normal growth and development, and in severe cases, may lead to delayed fetal growth or congenital malformations. Particularly during the early stages of pregnancy, when the fetal organs are not yet fully developed, the hidden effects of a cold may be greater. Moreover, improper medication use by pregnant women after catching a cold is also a common factor leading to fetal malformations. Therefore, pregnant women with colds should avoid self-medicating, seek medical attention promptly, and use medications rationally under a doctor's guidance to control the illness and prevent complications. Colds in pregnant women may also lead to risks such as intrauterine hypoxia, miscarriage, or premature birth. Therefore, pregnant women should pay special attention to preventing colds during pregnancy, such as maintaining good indoor ventilation, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and strengthening physical exercise.