What causes lupus erythematosus?

The exact causes of lupus erythematosus are not yet fully understood, but it is generally believed to result from the combined effects of multiple factors. The following are the main factors that may contribute to the development of lupus erythematosus:

1. Genetic factors: Lupus erythematosus tends to occur in families, and having a family history of lupus erythematosus can significantly increase the risk of developing the condition. The concordance rate is higher in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins.

2. Environmental factors: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation or certain medications and chemical agents, such as procainamide and hydralazine, may activate the immune system and cause tissue damage.

3. Hormonal influences: Lupus erythematosus commonly affects women of childbearing age, and estrogen levels are closely associated with disease onset. Pregnancy or taking estrogen-containing medications may trigger disease exacerbation.

4. Immune system abnormalities: The presence of numerous autoantibodies in the body attacking normal tissues, leading to inflammation and damage, is the most direct pathological mechanism of lupus erythematosus.

Lupus erythematosus presents with diverse manifestations and can affect multiple organ systems including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and lungs. If you experience any discomfort, prompt medical attention is recommended.