What is the principle of myopia?
I used to stay up late in middle and high school, looking at my phone under the covers, and ended up developing myopia, which has been going on for several years now. I would like to know, what is the mechanism behind myopia?
Doctor's answer (1)
The main principle of myopia involves an overly long axial length of the eyeball or excessive curvature of the cornea or lens, causing light to focus before reaching the retina, forming a focal point, while the actual retina lies behind this point. Therefore, when individuals with myopia look at distant objects, the images of these objects fall in front of the retina, resulting in blurred vision.
The occurrence and progression of myopia are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Under normal conditions, the human eye accurately focuses incoming light onto the retina through the refractive functions of the cornea and lens, forming clear images.
Genetically, if there is a family history of myopia, an individual's risk of developing myopia increases accordingly. Environmental factors mainly include prolonged near-work activities, poor reading posture, and insufficient lighting, all of which may promote excessive eye growth, increase the axial length of the eyeball, and thus trigger or exacerbate myopia.
With the increasing prevalence of electronic devices and growing academic pressures, the incidence of myopia among adolescents is showing an upward trend. Therefore, the prevention and control of myopia, especially among children and adolescents, has become an important issue in the field of public health.
