Polyuria in Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic patients may experience polyuria (excessive urination), primarily caused by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). The main reasons include the following:

1. Elevated blood glucose: When blood sugar levels rise in diabetic patients, the glomerulus may undergo functional changes, increasing permeability and subsequently causing polyuria.

2. Insufficient insulin secretion: A deficiency in insulin secretion may prevent glucose from being fully utilized by tissues, causing water from the tissues to enter the bloodstream and eventually leading to increased urination after metabolic processes.

3. Increased water intake: Due to the high concentration of glucose in the blood of diabetic patients, changes in osmotic pressure stimulate the central nervous system, creating a sensation of thirst. This leads to polydipsia (excessive thirst) and consequently polyuria.

4. Kidney damage: When blood glucose levels remain consistently above the renal threshold, the kidneys are unable to completely reabsorb the excess glucose. Some glucose is excreted in the urine, resulting in osmotic diuresis.

5. Urinary tract infections: Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infections. Inflammation caused by such infections may lead to symptoms like frequent urination and urgency, indirectly increasing urine output.

In conclusion, polyuria in diabetes is the result of multiple contributing factors. Patients should actively control blood sugar levels, protect kidney function, and be vigilant about urinary tract infections. If any discomfort occurs, prompt medical attention is advised.