How many times a day should a woman wash her external genitalia?

It is generally recommended that women wash their external genitalia once daily.

The female urethra is relatively short, and due to daily metabolic activity, small amounts of urine may remain near the vaginal opening. Additionally, vaginal secretions often accumulate in this area—creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth. Daily cleansing of the external genitalia with lukewarm boiled water effectively inhibits bacterial proliferation and helps maintain cleanliness and dryness of the vaginal area. This routine also promotes local blood circulation, supports a balanced vaginal microbiota, benefits overall female health, and helps prevent gynecological conditions such as vaginitis. The vagina possesses a natural self-cleansing ability; however, excessive or overly frequent washing—especially within short intervals—may disrupt the delicate balance of the vaginal microbiome and wash away protective acidic substances, potentially triggering gynecological disorders.

To maintain optimal genital hygiene, women should wear loose-fitting, cotton undergarments and avoid synthetic fabrics, which can cause local irritation or friction. Underwear should be washed separately from other clothing items.