What Causes Pink Eye?

Conjunctivitis (commonly known as “pink eye”) can occur at any age. After onset, patients typically experience increased ocular discharge, redness of the eyes, and sometimes itching. Individuals with conjunctivitis should seek prompt treatment and maintain strict hygiene; otherwise, the condition may worsen. So, what causes conjunctivitis?

What Causes Conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis is generally caused by inflammation or infection of the eye. The eye’s surface is covered by a transparent layer of tissue called the conjunctiva, which contains abundant capillaries. Beneath this layer lies the porcelain-white sclera, visible through the conjunctiva—giving the healthy eye its characteristic porcelain-white appearance. When conjunctivitis occurs, the conjunctival blood vessels become engorged and dilated, resulting in visible red blood vessels on the eye’s surface, making the eye appear red. Hence, the condition is commonly referred to as “pink eye” or “red eye.” Any cause of ocular inflammation or infection—including viral and bacterial infections—can lead to conjunctivitis. Patients with viral conjunctivitis require antiviral ointments, while those with bacterial conjunctivitis need antibiotic eye drops for targeted treatment.

During treatment, patients should avoid covering the affected eye, as doing so impedes timely drainage of ocular secretions, thereby increasing local temperature and surface moisture—conditions that favor the growth and proliferation of bacteria or viruses. Heat application should also be avoided, as it may exacerbate ocular burning sensations; instead, cold compresses are recommended. Maintaining ocular cleanliness and preventing cross-infection are essential, and patients should actively cooperate with prescribed therapy.

When conjunctivitis develops, it is crucial to visit a hospital to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate, etiology-directed treatment. We hope this information proves helpful to you.