What Causes Breast Tenderness and Pain During Menstruation?

Under normal circumstances, females begin menstruating at a certain age. However, many women experience discomfort symptoms during their menstrual period, such as breast swelling and pain. These symptoms typically occur several days before menstruation begins; some women experience only mild swelling and tenderness, while others suffer from severe pain. So, what causes breast swelling and pain during menstruation?

What Causes Breast Swelling and Pain During Menstruation?
Breast swelling and pain during menstruation are very common. Fluctuations in hormonal levels—particularly estrogen and progesterone—act upon estrogen and progesterone receptors in the mammary glands, triggering subtle changes in breast tissue. These changes include vascular congestion, mild tissue edema, and swelling. Especially just before or at the onset of menstruation, breast swelling is entirely normal; some women even describe a sensation of heaviness or discomfort. In most cases, the swelling and tenderness are mild. However, if the swelling is severe or if a palpable lump is detected during breast self-examination, it is essential to consult a breast surgeon for further evaluation.

This evaluation may include clinical breast examination (palpation), breast ultrasound, and mammography (X-ray with molybdenum target) to rule out malignant breast tumors. If the diagnosis is simple benign breast hyperplasia, there is generally no cause for concern. It is important to maintain emotional well-being, avoid wearing overly tight undergarments, and allow the breasts adequate rest. Typically, the breast pain and swelling resolve spontaneously after menstruation ends.

During menstruation, it is advisable to keep warm, pay attention to daily diet, maintain a relaxed and positive mood, and avoid adverse psychological stress or excessive emotional fluctuations. We hope this information is helpful to you.