How many decibels of noise level can cause eardrum rupture?

Exposure to noise levels exceeding 100 decibels (dB) commonly causes tympanic membrane (eardrum) perforation.

Under normal circumstances, the tympanic membrane serves not only as a protective barrier but also plays a critical role in sound conduction. In daily life, sudden, intense air vibrations—such as those from explosions or firecrackers—can generate blast waves and powerful air currents that rapidly transmit through the external auditory canal, potentially causing immediate tympanic membrane rupture. The human ear can typically tolerate noise up to approximately 90 dB; however, sudden exposure to noise exceeding 100 dB may instantly result in tympanic membrane rupture with associated hemorrhage. Patients often present with tinnitus, ear pain, and hearing loss. Additional symptoms may include a sensation of ear and nasal fullness, vertigo, nausea, and a feeling of air escaping from the ear during nose-blowing.

Following tympanic membrane perforation, patients should promptly seek evaluation at an otolaryngology (ENT) department. Otoscopic examination—including endoscopic otoscopy—can be used to assess the extent of the perforation. Small perforations often heal spontaneously. However, for larger perforations or those failing to heal over time, surgical repair may be recommended under the guidance of a physician.