Can Helicobacter pylori cause stomach cancer?

Helicobacter pylori does not necessarily cause stomach cancer. If treated promptly, it will not lead to stomach cancer; however, if treatment is delayed, it may lead to pathological changes.

1. Does not cause stomach cancer

After the stomach becomes infected with Helicobacter pylori, the gastric mucosa may become irritated and excessive gastric acid secretion can occur, leading to symptoms such as nausea, acid reflux, bitter taste, loss of appetite, bad breath, and abdominal discomfort. If treatment is initiated promptly and the patient follows medical advice—typically undergoing quadruple therapy—the Helicobacter pylori infection can be eradicated, and stomach cancer generally will not develop.

2. Can cause stomach cancer

If Helicobacter pylori infection is not treated in time, it may lead to chronic gastritis. Persistent inflammation of the gastric mucosa can damage the mucosal lining, causing cell injury and regeneration, thereby increasing the risk of cancerous transformation. Additionally, Helicobacter pylori releases toxins after entering the body, which may interfere with cellular signaling pathways, leading to malignant cell proliferation and transformation. Moreover, Helicobacter pylori can alter gastric acid secretion, changing the gastric environment in a way that favors bacterial growth and further damages the mucosa, thus promoting the development of malignant cells.

It is recommended that patients undergo regular check-ups at the hospital during illness and adjust their treatment plans based on examination results. At the same time, daily diet should consist mainly of light foods, avoiding spicy and irritating foods to prevent worsening of the condition.