Symptoms and Causes of Blocked Tear Ducts

Tear duct blockage usually refers to obstruction of the tear drainage system. Common causes of tear duct obstruction include structural abnormalities, infections, and aging. Symptoms of this condition may include excessive tearing, redness of the eye, and frequent eye infections.

I. Causes

1. Structural Abnormalities

Idiopathic narrowing of tissues such as the nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal canaliculi, or puncta is a common cause of tear duct blockage.

2. Infection

Inflammation of ocular tissues such as the conjunctiva or cornea, if not promptly treated, can easily lead to scarring within the tear ducts, resulting in obstruction.

3. Aging

With advancing age, eyelid and lateral canthal tissues are more prone to drooping or ectropion, increasing the risk of developing this condition.

II. Symptoms

1. Excessive Tearing

After obstructive changes occur in the tear ducts, ocular tissue fluid is more likely to reflux and leak out through the duct openings.

2. Redness of the Eye

This condition can cause persistent swelling of the lacrimal gland, compressing nearby blood vessels. This impairs venous return in the eye, leading to chronic congestion and redness.

3. Frequent Eye Infections

When the tear ducts are blocked, the eye's immunity is reduced, increasing the likelihood of recurrent viral or bacterial infections.