What causes swelling in the hands and face?

Swelling of the hands and face refers to swelling caused by excessive fluid accumulation in the underlying tissues due to various reasons. Typically, hand and facial swelling can result from either physiological or pathological causes, such as trauma, allergies, nephrotic syndrome, and other conditions. If a patient notices that the swelling does not subside after a certain period, it is important to seek medical help at a hospital.

I. Physiological Causes

Swelling of the hands and face may occur due to drinking excessive fluids before bedtime, or in women during premenstrual or pregnancy periods. Symptoms often resolve with rest.

II. Pathological Factors

1. Trauma

When the hands or face suffer external injury and are not properly cleaned, wound infection or impaired blood circulation may lead to swelling. In such cases, appropriate wound care and disinfection are necessary.

2. Allergy

Skin swelling may also occur during an allergic reaction. Severe allergies can lead to symptoms such as breathing difficulty or shock. Therefore, if a patient experiences an allergic reaction, they should follow medical advice to take antihistamines or seek immediate hospital treatment.

3. Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is caused by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys and typically presents with severe edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Treatment is primarily symptomatic.

Besides the common causes mentioned above, other conditions such as liver disease or endocrine disorders may also lead to hand and facial swelling. If swelling persists despite rest or is accompanied by other discomforts, prompt medical consultation is recommended. Under a doctor's guidance, medications such as diuretics may be used to relieve swelling, while simultaneously addressing the underlying disease condition.