What are the postoperative complications of balloon dilation?

Common complications after balloon dilation surgery include wall bleeding, bronchial rupture, and restenosis. Specific details are as follows:
1. Wall Bleeding
The primary purpose of balloon dilation is to expand narrowed hollow organs within the body. This procedure typically involves a soft catheter with an inflatable balloon at its tip, which is guided under imaging into the body's organ pathways. Bleeding is a relatively common complication, as the human body contains numerous blood vessels; minor abrasions during the procedure may lead to bleeding. However, the amount of bleeding is usually minimal and does not require special intervention. Bleeding can generally be controlled by applying diluted thrombin or epinephrine under physician guidance.
2. Bronchial Rupture
During treatment, if subcutaneous emphysema occurs in the neck or mediastinum, it may result in tracheal rupture during dilation. This condition is usually self-limiting, but patients should minimize coughing and take precautions against infection.
3. Restenosis
Recurrence must be evaluated to determine whether it results from uncontrolled tuberculosis infection or from hyperplastic scarring due to a patient's scar-prone constitution. In the first case, aggressive anti-tuberculosis therapy under medical supervision is sufficient. In the second case, repeated cryotherapy and dilation under physician guidance are required to suppress scar tissue proliferation.
In addition to the above complications, retrosternal hemorrhage may also occur. Patients are advised to rest adequately after the procedure, maintain a balanced diet, and keep the puncture site clean and dry to avoid interfering with recovery.