Black specks appear under the nails when scratching the scalp.

　　In general, black spots found under the fingernails after scratching the scalp may be related to scalp dirt, nail polish or dye, cutting nails too short, folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and other factors, requiring targeted management. Specific analyses are as follows:

　　1. Scalp Dirt

　　If there is dirt, oil, or other substances on the scalp, they may be scraped off and remain under the nails, forming black spots. Patients should maintain regular scalp hygiene.

　　2. Nail Polish or Dye

　　Nail polish or dye may seep into the nails, causing black spots. If the spots appear after applying nail polish or dye, they may be due to these products. It is recommended that patients discontinue using nail polish or dye and use a nail cleanser to remove the discoloration.

　　3. Cutting Nails Too Short

　　Cutting the nails too short may damage the cuticle at the nail edge, leading to black spots accumulating under the nails when scratching the scalp. Patients are advised to avoid scratching their scalp with fingers to prevent possible infection.

　　4. Folliculitis

　　Folliculitis is a common scalp condition typically presenting with redness, swelling, pain, and itching. If left untreated, it may damage hair follicles and lead to melanin deposition, resulting in black spots. Patients may use medications such as mupirocin ointment or fusidic acid sodium ointment as directed by a physician.

　　5. Seborrheic Dermatitis

　　Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting areas rich in sebaceous glands. It commonly presents with increased dandruff and scalp itching, and scratching may leave black spots. Patients are advised to take medications such as cetirizine hydrochloride tablets or loratadine tablets as prescribed by a doctor.

　　Patients experiencing discomfort should seek medical attention promptly and receive standardized treatment under a doctor's guidance to promote recovery.