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How to interpret hypothyroidism lab test results

Oct 26, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Hypothyroidism refers to decreased thyroid function. The laboratory tests for hypothyroidism mainly evaluate the following indicators: triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Note that diagnosing hypothyroidism cannot rely solely on a single indicator or one single test.

　　Hypothyroidism, also known as hypofunction of the thyroid gland, is primarily assessed through blood tests measuring the following indicators: triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Detailed analysis is as follows:

　　1. Triiodothyronine (T3)

　　Triiodothyronine is a type of thyroid hormone with a reference range of 0.6–1.81 ng/mL. It is mainly secreted by the thyroid gland and reflects thyroid function. A low level of T3 may indicate hypothyroidism.

　　2. Free Triiodothyronine (FT3)

　　Free triiodothyronine is another form of thyroid hormone used to evaluate thyroid function. The normal range for FT3 is generally 4.2–13.9 pmol/L. It plays an important role in regulating metabolism and other physiological processes. A decreased level may suggest the presence of hypothyroidism.

　　3. Free Thyroxine (FT4)

　　Free thyroxine is a key thyroid hormone that helps monitor thyroid function. The normal reference range is typically 9.1–17.3 pmol/L. Low levels of FT4 may be caused by hypothyroidism.

　　4. Thyroxine (T4)

　　The reference range for total thyroxine is 45–109 ng/mL. It is one of the most basic screening markers for assessing thyroid function. T4 is synthesized in large amounts by the thyroid gland and converted into T3 when needed. In cases of hypothyroidism, T4 levels may decrease.

　　5. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

　　TSH regulates the production of thyroid hormones. In hypothyroidism, the pituitary gland releases more TSH in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid to produce more hormones. Therefore, elevated TSH levels are often a key indicator of hypothyroidism.

　　Note: Diagnosing hypothyroidism should not rely solely on a single indicator or test. If you suspect you have hypothyroidism, it is recommended to visit a reputable hospital and complete a comprehensive evaluation with appropriate medical testing.

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