What causes a small red bump on a woman's labia that hurts when touched, and what should be done about it?

Generally, small red bumps with tenderness on the female labia may be caused by factors such as Bartholin's cyst, folliculitis, contact dermatitis, herpes simplex virus infection, or genital warts. If concerned, it is advisable to seek timely medical consultation. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Bartholin's Cyst

A Bartholin's cyst occurs when the duct of the Bartholin's gland becomes blocked, causing accumulation of glandular secretions and often accompanied by infection, leading to local redness, swelling, and pain. The cyst may rapidly enlarge and cause severe pain. Smaller cysts may be relieved with warm compresses, while larger ones may require surgical drainage, such as marsupialization of the Bartholin's gland.

2. Folliculitis

If the skin in the genital area is damaged, bacteria may invade hair follicles and trigger inflammation, presenting as red papules centered around hair follicles, possibly accompanied by pain or itching. Patients may use medications such as erythromycin ointment, clindamycin phosphate gel, or mupirocin ointment under medical guidance.

3. Contact Dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction triggered by skin exposure to certain substances. If underwear, hygiene products, or other materials contain irritating components, they may induce red papules on the vulva along with pain. Immediate discontinuation of contact with the allergen is necessary, and treatment should follow medical advice using agents such as hydrocortisone cream, triamcinolone acetonide cream, or fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets.

4. Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) spreads through skin contact. Initial symptoms include localized redness, followed by painful blisters. HSV infection can occur in the genital area, causing small red bumps on the labia, sometimes accompanied by fever and general malaise. Antiviral medications such as acyclovir cream, famciclovir tablets, or ganciclovir dispersible tablets should be used under medical supervision to control disease progression and alleviate symptoms.

5. Genital Warts

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly low-risk types such as HPV6 and HPV11, can lead to genital warts. These warts typically appear cauliflower-like or granular and may be associated with itching or slight bleeding. Treatment options recommended by physicians include cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser therapy, and topical medications such as imiquimod cream, podophyllotoxin ointment, or recombinant human interferon α2b injection.

In daily life, maintain dryness and cleanliness of the genital skin, avoid using harsh hygiene products, and wear loose, breathable underwear to minimize friction and irritation.