What causes a small piece of flesh to grow next to hemorrhoids, and what should I do about it?

Small flesh-like growths appearing near hemorrhoids are usually caused by anal sphincter tension, skin folds, skin tags, anal fistula, or genital warts. If any abnormalities occur, prompt medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Anal Sphincter Tension

Tension in the anal sphincter muscle may cause slight protrusion of perianal tissues, creating the appearance of a small fleshy lump. It is recommended to perform anal relaxation exercises, avoid prolonged straining during bowel movements, and maintain regular, smooth bowel habits.

2. Skin Folds

The skin around the anus naturally has some folds, which may sometimes be mistaken for small growths near hemorrhoids. Maintaining good anal hygiene, regular cleaning, and keeping the area dry are advised.

3. Skin Tags (Cutaneous Tags)

Skin tags result from abnormal proliferation of skin surface cells. They are typically benign and usually painless and asymptomatic, though mild discomfort may occur during cleaning or friction. Generally, no specific treatment is required; however, if discomfort arises, removal via surgical excision, cryotherapy, or electrocautery may be considered.

4. Anal Fistula

Anal fistulas often develop after rupture or drainage of a perianal abscess. A fistula consists of three parts: an internal opening, a fistulous tract, and an external opening. The external opening is typically located on the perianal skin and may appear as a raised, proliferative nodule resembling a small fleshy bump. Infection plays a key role in its development. Local pressure may discharge bloody or purulent secretions, accompanied by symptoms such as pain and itching. Timely surgical intervention is necessary, including procedures like fistulectomy or seton placement. Postoperative care should emphasize anal cleanliness to prevent infection.

5. Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminata)

Caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease. After HPV invades the skin or mucosa around the anus, it can trigger local tissue proliferation, forming papillary or cauliflower-like growths—appearing as small fleshy lumps. Often asymptomatic, but some patients may experience foreign body sensation, itching, or pain. Treatment options include cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser therapy, and topical medications such as imiquimod cream, podophyllotoxin ointment, and recombinant human interferon α2b injection.

In daily life, keep the anal area clean and dry, and avoid using harsh or irritating cleansing products. Wear loose-fitting, breathable underwear to minimize friction and irritation.