What are the 5 stages of ankylosing spondylitis?
Nov 12, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Chen Jian
Introduction
The five stages of ankylosing spondylitis are early inflammatory active phase, stable phase, stiff phase, partial joint fusion phase, and complete joint fusion phase. During the early inflammatory active phase, inflammation in the body is active within the joints and surrounding tissues but has not yet caused significant structural damage. Patients typically experience pain and morning stiffness in the lumbosacral region, with pain usually being dull in nature.
Generally, ankylosing spondylitis progresses through five stages: early inflammatory active phase, stable phase, stiffening phase, partial joint fusion phase, and complete joint fusion phase. If any discomfort occurs, timely medical consultation is recommended. The details are as follows:
1. Early Inflammatory Active Phase
In the early inflammatory active phase, inflammation in the body has not yet caused significant structural damage. Patients typically experience pain and morning stiffness in the lumbosacral region. The pain is usually dull and may be accompanied by limited local mobility and a sensation of back stiffness. Systemic symptoms such as fatigue and low-grade fever may also occur. These symptoms often worsen with rest and improve with physical activity.
2. Stable Phase
As inflammation gradually comes under control, the disease enters the stable phase. During this stage, pain and morning stiffness may subside, but joint mobility may still be restricted.
3. Stiffening Phase
In this phase, patients experience increased and persistent pain in the lumbosacral area and spine. The spine and joints progressively become stiffer, further limiting range of motion. This can significantly affect daily activities and work performance.
4. Partial Joint Fusion Phase
During this stage, partial joint fusion begins, leading to bony ankylosis. X-ray imaging may reveal characteristic findings such as partial bony fusion of the sacroiliac joints, ossification of spinal ligaments, and syndesmophyte formation bridging adjacent vertebrae. Patients may develop abnormal postures, including scoliosis and kyphosis.
5. Complete Joint Fusion Phase
In this final stage, the spine and joints may have completely fused, resulting in fixed deformities and severely restricted mobility. Patients may suffer from significant functional impairment and reduced quality of life. Thoracic cage deformities can lead to respiratory dysfunction or even respiratory failure; spinal rigidity and kyphosis may prevent upright walking and hinder basic daily activities.
Once symptoms suggestive of ankylosing spondylitis appear, prompt medical evaluation is essential. Regular physical examinations and imaging studies should be conducted to monitor disease progression.
