What is the normal reference range for urine specific gravity?

The normal specific gravity of urine typically ranges from 1.015 to 1.025, though the exact value may vary among individuals. Analysis is as follows:

Urine specific gravity is a key parameter in routine urinalysis, reflecting the degree of urine concentration. Under normal circumstances, the specific gravity of urine generally falls between 1.015 and 1.025. Morning urine usually exhibits a higher specific gravity—typically above 1.020—due to reduced fluid intake during sleep, resulting in relatively concentrated urine. In infants and young children, urine specific gravity is generally lower than in adults, typically ranging from 1.002 to 1.004.

Urine specific gravity is influenced by multiple factors. Elevated specific gravity may occur in conditions such as acute glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, diabetes mellitus, high fever, excessive sweating, or dehydration. Conversely, decreased specific gravity may indicate impaired renal function, as seen in diabetes insipidus, chronic glomerulonephritis, or psychogenic polydipsia. Any abnormal changes in urine specific gravity warrant prompt medical consultation and further diagnostic evaluation and treatment as advised by a physician.

In daily life, maintaining a light diet and ensuring adequate, appropriate fluid intake can help support overall health.