How to Remove Whiteheads and Closed Comedones

Closed comedones—also known as whiteheads—form when excess keratin and shed skin cells accumulate and block hair follicles, while excessive sebum fills the obstructed pore. The pore opening remains covered by a thin layer of epidermis, remaining sealed off from the external environment. Because the trapped sebum is not exposed to air, it does not oxidize, resulting in a small, raised, white bump—hence the term “whitehead.” So, how can closed comedones be effectively treated? Below, we address this question.

How to Remove Closed Comedones

1. Saltwater Facial Rinse

Saltwater possesses anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, helping suppress comedone formation—especially in early-stage cases. Gently rinse affected areas with a saline solution containing 15 g of salt, once or twice daily; noticeable improvement typically occurs within 2–3 days. However, overly concentrated saltwater may dehydrate the skin and potentially worsen comedones.

2. Exfoliation

Regular use of exfoliating products helps remove accumulated keratin debris on the skin’s surface, promoting cellular turnover and preventing dead skin cells from clogging follicular openings—a key factor in bacterial proliferation and comedone development. Inadequate cleansing over time allows impurities to build up, leading not only to pore blockage but also frequent recurrence of closed comedones.

3. Extraction (Comedone Extraction)

Closed comedones can be physically removed using sterile comedo extractors or fine-tipped needles under professional supervision. This method effectively clears existing lesions. However, since recurrence is common shortly after extraction, patients are advised to combine mechanical removal with topical and/or oral medications to prevent reoccurrence.

4. Laser Therapy

Laser treatment for comedones primarily utilizes photothermal energy to destroy Propionibacterium acnes, the bacteria implicated in acne pathogenesis. Additionally, laser therapy helps regulate sebaceous gland activity and reduce inflammation. The photothermal effect penetrates into the dermis, stimulating metabolism and collagen regeneration, thereby repairing damaged skin and restoring smoothness.

The above outlines various approaches to treating closed comedones. We hope this information proves helpful.