What are the symptoms of Helicobacter pylori infection?

Under normal circumstances, Helicobacter pylori infection may cause symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, postprandial fullness, acid reflux, nausea and vomiting, and bad breath. If discomfort symptoms appear, it is recommended to seek timely diagnosis and treatment at a regular hospital. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Upper Abdominal Pain

Helicobacter pylori can irritate the gastric mucosa, triggering an inflammatory response that damages the mucosal lining. When this damaged mucosa is stimulated by gastric acid, pain may occur. This pain often presents as dull, distended, or burning pain, which may worsen when fasting or after eating. In severe cases, it can interfere with daily activities.

2. Postprandial Fullness

Following infection, Helicobacter pylori may interfere with normal digestive function in the stomach, leading to weakened gastric motility. When food enters the stomach, it cannot be digested and emptied in a timely manner, remaining in the stomach and causing a distinct feeling of fullness after meals. Even after consuming small amounts of food, one may feel bloated and uncomfortable in the stomach.

3. Acid Reflux

Helicobacter pylori can promote increased gastric acid secretion and may also affect the defense mechanisms against gastroesophageal reflux. Excessive gastric acid can easily flow back into the esophagus, irritating the esophageal mucosa and causing acid reflux symptoms, often accompanied by a burning sensation behind the breastbone, which may become more pronounced when lying down or bending over.

4. Nausea and Vomiting

When the gastric mucosa is affected by Helicobacter pylori leading to inflammation or ulcers, the stomach's normal peristalsis and digestive function may be impaired. Food remaining in the stomach for an extended period or inflammation irritating the gastric wall may trigger gastric spasms, leading to nausea, and in severe cases, vomiting, with vomitus typically consisting of gastric contents.

5. Bad Breath

Helicobacter pylori not only resides in the stomach but may also colonize dental plaque in the oral cavity. During its metabolic processes, the bacteria produce volatile sulfur-containing compounds and other odorous substances. These substances are exhaled from the body through respiration, causing halitosis, which is difficult to completely eliminate through regular tooth brushing or mouth rinsing.

In addition, some infected individuals may experience loss of appetite and weight loss. If the above symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly for examination and diagnosis, followed by appropriate interventions to prevent persistent or worsening symptoms.