Treatment of Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia (AA), commonly referred to as “aplasia,” is a group of syndromes characterized by bone marrow failure caused by various etiologies. It is defined by reduced bone marrow hematopoietic cell proliferation and pancytopenia in the peripheral blood. Clinically, patients primarily present with anemia, bleeding, and infection. So, how is aplastic anemia treated? The following addresses this question.

Treatment of Aplastic Anemia

1. Drug Therapy

Androgen therapy exerts a stimulatory effect on hematopoiesis, primarily enhancing the function of bone marrow hematopoietic cells and boosting the body’s overall hematopoietic capacity to achieve therapeutic goals. However, this treatment carries significant risks and potential harm to the patient. During treatment, close monitoring for adverse drug reactions is essential, and regular assessments of hepatic and renal function must be performed at the hospital.

2. Supportive Transfusion Therapy

In cases of severe disease, supportive transfusion therapy is required. This approach rapidly alleviates clinical symptoms and prevents fatal hemorrhage. If infection is present, antimicrobial agents are administered. For patients with severe aplastic anemia accompanied by life-threatening hemorrhage, corticosteroids (e.g., adrenal cortical hormones) may also be indicated.

3. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

HSCT is highly effective but requires a suitable donor—finding a compatible match is often extremely challenging. Prior to transplantation, comprehensive blood tests and HLA typing must be performed; successful engraftment depends on both ABO blood group compatibility and HLA matching. Many patients fail to locate a suitable donor, rendering transplantation impossible. Attempting transplantation without proper matching risks severe graft rejection and potentially life-threatening complications.

The above outlines the main treatment options for aplastic anemia. We hope this information is helpful to you.