Why Does Coughing Cause Urinary Incontinence?
Aug 17, 2021
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Ma Fujun
Introduction
1. Aging: Advancing age is the primary cause of urinary incontinence, with women aged 45–55 years being at highest risk.
2. Childbirth factors: Women who have delivered vaginally are more likely to develop urinary incontinence compared to those who have undergone cesarean delivery.
3. Pelvic floor laxity: This commonly results from relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles in women, leading to relatively low urethral pressure and relatively high bladder pressure, thereby causing involuntary urine leakage.
Urinary incontinence occurring during coughing is clinically termed “stress urinary incontinence” (SUI). It refers specifically to the involuntary leakage of urine from the external urethral orifice triggered by increased intra-abdominal pressure—such as during sneezing, coughing, or other physical exertions.
Why Does Coughing Cause Urinary Incontinence?
1. Advancing Age
Aging is a primary contributor to urinary incontinence. Clinically, the prevalence of urinary incontinence among women increases progressively with age, peaking between ages 45 and 55. This is largely attributable to age-related pelvic floor tissue laxity, degenerative changes in the urethral sphincter, and declining estrogen levels. Additionally, common age-related chronic conditions—such as chronic pulmonary diseases and diabetes—can further accelerate the progression of urinary incontinence.
2. Childbirth-Related Factors
The number of vaginal deliveries correlates positively with the risk of developing urinary incontinence in women. Advanced maternal age at first delivery further elevates this risk. Women who deliver vaginally are more likely to develop urinary incontinence than those undergoing cesarean section; however, even women who deliver via cesarean section face a higher risk compared to nulliparous women.
3. Pelvic Floor Laxity
Pelvic floor muscle laxity—particularly in women—results in relatively low urethral pressure and comparatively high bladder pressure. During coughing, intra-abdominal pressure rises, leading to involuntary urine leakage. Beyond general health maintenance, women—especially postpartum—should prioritize pelvic floor rehabilitation. Regular physical activity, including Kegel (pelvic floor) exercises, helps strengthen the muscles of the lower body, particularly those surrounding the buttocks and pelvic region.
The above outlines the main reasons why coughing may trigger urinary incontinence. We hope this information proves helpful to you.
