What is a uterine septum?

The uterus, one of the most vital organs in females, plays an irreplaceable role in reproduction. However, due to the unique anatomical characteristics of the female pelvis, many women experience gynecological disorders—ranging from mild to severe—including uterine septum, a condition that is also a known cause of female infertility. So, what exactly is a uterine septum? Below, we provide a detailed explanation.

What Is a Uterine Septum?

A uterine septum is a congenital anomaly resulting from incomplete canalization during uterine development. It manifests as a fibrous ridge—predominantly composed of connective tissue—projecting into the uterine cavity from the fundus, with deep uterine cornua and a relatively small uterine cavity volume. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequently present with a concurrent uterine septum. On transvaginal ultrasound or hysterosalpingography, a characteristic “saddle-shaped” indentation at the uterine fundus may be observed in the horizontal plane; definitive diagnosis requires hysteroscopy. Several factors contribute to the formation of a uterine septum, including congenital developmental abnormalities such as uterine agenesis or atresia, imperforate hymen, or transverse vaginal septum. Additionally, certain gynecological conditions—such as endometritis—may also play a role; while some cases are mild, severe inflammation can lead to significant pelvic distortion and subsequent development of a uterine septum.

Knowledge Extension: Pregnancy Considerations for Women with a Uterine Septum

1. Dietary Recommendations

During early pregnancy, women often experience changes in appetite—a phenomenon commonly referred to as “morning sickness.” At this stage, it is advisable to consume light, easily digestible foods; increase intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins; and limit consumption of greasy or heavy meals. Drinking water or milk upon waking each morning is also recommended. Furthermore, adopting a pattern of frequent, small meals—rather than three large meals—is beneficial; avoid overeating at any single sitting.

2. Medication Use

Medication use must be carefully managed during early pregnancy, as this period represents the most critical phase of fetal organogenesis. Unsupervised or inappropriate drug use by the mother may severely disrupt fetal development and increase the risk of congenital malformations. Therefore, all medications taken during early pregnancy should be prescribed and closely monitored by a qualified healthcare provider to ensure safety for both mother and fetus.

The above provides an overview of what constitutes a uterine septum. We hope this information proves helpful.