What Causes Cervical Erosion?

Cervical ectropion (formerly termed “cervical erosion”) refers to the outward displacement of the squamous epithelium covering the external os of the cervix and the columnar epithelium lining the cervical canal at their junction. This phenomenon is a physiological change induced by estrogen in women and typically persists from puberty through several decades of adulthood. Whether or not it occurs varies among individuals, depending on constitutional factors. So, what causes cervical ectropion? Below, we address this question.

Causes of Cervical Ectropion

1. Congenital Factors

Clinical medical experts indicate that some women are born with cervical ectropion. Tracing its origin, this condition arises when, during fetal development, maternal estrogen exposure causes the columnar epithelium to replace the squamous epithelium on the cervical surface—resulting in a persistently reddish appearance of the cervix. This leads to congenital cervical ectropion. Such ectropion may resolve spontaneously over time due to squamous metaplasia, but it may also persist chronically if complicated by bacterial infection.

2. Over-Cleansing

Many women feel their genital area is unclean and thus frequently wash the vagina and external genitalia with soaps, shower gels, or other cleansing products. However, healthy vaginal secretions are naturally acidic, forming a protective barrier that effectively prevents invasion by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Excessive washing disrupts this natural defense mechanism, potentially contributing to cervical ectropion.

3. Induced Abortions

Repeated induced abortions can cause significant trauma to the cervix, creating opportunities for pathogenic microorganisms to invade and trigger cervicitis. Particularly when proper post-procedural care and hygiene are neglected, inflammatory infection becomes highly likely—potentially progressing to cervical ectropion. In severe cases, infertility may result.

4. Excessive Sexual Activity

Frequent or vigorous sexual intercourse may damage the cervical mucosa. Poor hygiene during intercourse further increases the risk of cervical inflammation. Engaging in intercourse more than four times per week places sustained mechanical stress on the cervix, which—over time—may lead to chronic cervicitis. Clinically, “cervical erosion” commonly refers to this typical pathological manifestation of chronic cervicitis.

The above outlines the primary causes of cervical ectropion. We hope this information is helpful to you.